Modulation is the act of translating some low-frequency or baseband signal (voice, music, and data) to a higher frequency. Why do we modulate signals? There are at least two reasons: to allow the ...

A team of researchers from the Center for Research and Innovation in Metamaterials at the University of Exeter and the Laser Processing Group at the Institute of Optics have presented in the journal ...

When characterizing jitter performance, it is common to measure jitter output of a transmitter and jitter tolerance of a receiver. When measuring jitter tolerance, various quantities of intersymbol ...

An arbitrary waveform generator (AWG) is a powerful and flexible signal source capable of generating any wave shape within the bandwidth and amplitude range of the generator. Populating an AWG with ...

Among the consequences of a crowded electromagnetic spectrum is noise—a lot of it—created mostly by an influx of wireless and other emitters generating a cacophony of signals of varying frequencies ...