The Standard Deviation is the basic metric to measure volatility. However, the Standard Deviation is an absolute measurement, not a relative measurement. To compare the volatility of two or more data ...
This article considers inference about the variance of coefficients in time-varying parameter models with stationary regressors. The Gaussian maximum likelihood estimator (MLE) has a large point mass ...
Where can I find the random parameter matrix in MLwiN? How do I use this to work out the residual ('unexplained') variance at each level? Variances and covariances are stored in column c1096. (See ...