Single-phase and 3-phase AC squirrel cage induction motors need some type of control circuit to initiate a start or stop function. The two types of ladder control circuits commonly used are the 2-wire ...

See Part 1, Part 2, and Part 3 of this series. The previous FET circuits pertained to voltage-controlled signal amplitude circuits. That is, the input signal’s amplitude can be changed at the output ...

Because the wiring and the inputs and outputs (I/Os) are the most vulnerable elements in a system, be sure to locate and identify these elements in the problem circuit. Sometimes, the only way to test ...

This humidity controlled switch circuit turns on and off an electrical load (for example a heater) depending on the moisture content of the surrounding air. The moisture is “sensed” with the help of a ...

A ripple-generating circuit is usually needed to ensure stability of constant-on-time (COT) controlled buck converters. Different values of the ripple generating circuit can have direct impacts on ...

Higher Capabilities for Safety-Rated Control Circuits A truly reliable safety control system must work even when some parts fail. Force-guided relays are unseen components that add another level of ...

Over my almost 60 years in the auto repair industry as an ASE and GM Master Technician, and vocational education automotive technology instructor, I have seen firsthand how vehicles have evolved from ...