Climate scientists are confronting a hard truth: some of the most widely used models are struggling to keep up with the pace and texture of real‑world warming. The physics at their core remains sound, ...

Models, by definition, are approximations: useful, informative, and inevitably incomplete, because they are the only way to simplify a world too complex to grasp all at once. A new study on nitrous ...

Deep learning is increasingly being used to emulate cloud and convection processes in climate models, offering a faster alternative to computationally intensive cloud-resolving simulations. However, ...

Organic carbon decomposition in soil varies significantly and in regional patterns, driven in part by factors such as soil minerals and microbial properties that have been underrepresented in carbon ...

Patagonia’s glaciers have been shrinking faster than ever over the past two decades, and the reasons go far beyond simple warming. New research shows a deeper, long-term shift in the atmosphere is to ...

Global climate mitigation scenarios shape real-world policy choices of who cuts emissions, who pays, and who benefits from ...

Inge Schrijver's PhD is part of the WISE Horizons project, which is funded by Horizon Europe (grant number 101095219). Paul Behrens receives funding from The British Academy and REAPRA. Rutger ...