Since addressing the COVID-19 pandemic, mRNA vaccines have risen as a promising tool for treating a broad range of diseases, such as cancer and genetic disorders. To be effective, foreign mRNA in ...

Proteoforms, the diverse molecular variants of proteins, are key to understanding cellular functions, disease mechanisms, and biomarker discovery in proteomics.

Lipid nanoparticles, or LNPs, are best known as the delivery system used in the COVID-19 mRNA vaccines given to billions of people worldwide. Scientists are now exploring their potential far beyond ...

A molecular model showing three of the main epigenetic modifications of DNA (orange) and histones (dark blue) [JUAN GAERTNER/Science Photo Library/Getty Images] Post-translational modifications (PTMs) ...