Kalman filters have long stood as a cornerstone in the field of target tracking and state estimation, providing an optimally recursive solution for estimating the state of dynamic systems in the ...

Energy storage systems, particularly batteries, are essential in modern energy infrastructure. They power devices such as portable electronics, electric vehicles, and grid storage systems. A key ...

This course introduces the Kalman filter as a method that can solve problems related to estimating the hidden internal state of a dynamic system. It develops the background theoretical topics in state ...

For the main energy storage system for EVs, Li-ion batteries are extensively applied owing to their excellent overall performance The safe and efficient operation of the electric vehicle significantly ...