In a giant feat of genetic engineering, scientists have created bacteria that make proteins in a radically different way than all natural species do. By Carl Zimmer At the heart of all life is a code.

Animal breeding has traditionally focused on improving mean trait performance; however, contemporary research increasingly highlights the significance of genetic variation not only in trait means but ...

The genetic code is the recipe for life, and provides the instructions for how to make proteins, generally using just 20 amino acids. But certain groups of microbes have an expanded genetic code, in ...

Pharmacogenetics and pharmacogenomics are increasingly recognised as playing a pivotal role in the advancement of personalised medicine, especially in the ...