Researchers at the California NanoSystems Institute at UCLA published a step-by-step framework for determining the ...

For quantum computers to outperform their classical counterparts, they need more quantum bits, or qubits. State-of-the-art quantum computers have around 1,000 qubits. Columbia physicists Sebastian ...

Atoms that occur in nature interact with the electromagnetic field at a single point, allowing scientists to make certain assumptions about energy levels with point-like references. However, ...

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Atom optics is the study of the wave-like properties of beams of atoms. Wave–particle duality — a central principle of quantum mechanics — implies that effects traditionally associated with waves, ...

The electronic structure of atoms and molecules is the series of energy levels that it are possible for a bound electron to occupy. This electronic structure determines many of the defining ...